The mod 2 dual Steenrod algebra as a subalgebra of the mod 2 dual Leibniz-Hopf algebra

摘要

The mod 2 Steenrod algebra $\mathcal{A}_2$ can be defined as the quotient ofthe mod 2 Leibniz--Hopf algebra $\mathcal{F}_2$ by the Adem relations. Dually,the mod 2 dual Steenrod algebra $\mathcal{A}_2^*$ can be thought of as asub-Hopf algebra of the mod 2 dual Leibniz--Hopf algebra $\mathcal{F}_2^*$. Westudy $\mathcal{A}_2^*$ and $\mathcal{F}_2^*$ from this viewpoint and givegeneralisations of some classical results in the literature.